Proceso de producción de cápsulas: cómo se fabrican las cápsulas a gran escala

If you’re here, you’re likely looking to understand how capsule production actually works—from the inside out. Maybe you’re planning to scale up, upgrade your machinery, or simply need a clearer view of the full process before making a decision. 

Either way, this breakdown will walk you through each stage, with no fluff—just the steps that matter in real-world production. 

Table of Contents

• Capsule Shell Manufacturing
• Raw Material Preparation
• Llenado de cápsulas
• Capsule Locking and Sealing
• Polishing and Dedusting
• Inspection and Quality Control
• Packaging and Final Checks
• Key Equipment Used in Capsule Production
• Capsule Types and Customization Options
• Capsule Production: Final Thoughts

1. Capsule Shell Manufacturing

Production starts with the capsule shell. Most shells are made from gelatin or HPMC, depending on whether you’re working with standard or plant-based formulations. The chosen material is heated and turned into a liquid.

Metal pins are dipped into this liquid to form capsule halves. These are then dried in carefully controlled conditions. Once hardened, they’re trimmed and separated—ready to be filled.

2. Raw Material Preparation

Next comes the product that goes inside the capsule. Active ingredients are blended with excipients to improve flow, stability, and consistency. Depending on the formulation, this may involve dry mixing or wet granulation.

The goal here is uniform particle size and weight. That ensures each capsule contains the exact amount of active substance, which is critical for safety and compliance.

3. Llenado de cápsulas

Once the powder or granules are ready, the empty capsules go into a filling machine. These machines separate the capsule cap and body, fill the bottom half with the product, then close the capsule.

High-speed capsule fillers can handle powders, pellets, tablets, or even liquids—depending on your setup. For larger operations, automation is key to maintaining speed and reducing waste.

Canaan’s Máquina llenadora automática de cápsulas serie NJP is designed for exactly this stage—delivering fast, precise filling with minimal waste. It handles powders, granules, and pellets with ease, and it’s built for high-volume, continuous production. The NJP Series is a reliable choice for manufacturers who need speed, accuracy, and compliance in one system. 

4. Capsule Locking and Sealing

After filling, the two capsule halves are securely locked together. Some machines include a band-sealing function to provide extra protection—especially useful for moisture-sensitive or liquid-filled capsules.

This step reduces the risk of leakage, tampering, or separation during handling, shipping, or storage.

5. Polishing and Dedusting

Filled capsules often go through a polishing machine. This removes any excess powder on the outside and improves appearance. Clean capsules are also less likely to jam packaging machines downstream.

Dedusting helps meet GMP cleanliness standards and improves product presentation—especially important for retail or direct-to-consumer products.

6. Inspection and Quality Control

Each batch must pass strict quality checks. Capsules are inspected for defects like cracks, underfilling, or color mismatches. Weight variation is also checked to confirm dosing accuracy.

Many lines include metal detectors, vision systems, and rejection units to catch any faults in real time. Documentation at this stage is critical for regulatory compliance and traceability.

7. Packaging and Final Checks

Once approved, capsules move to the packaging line. They may be bottled, blister packed, or filled into sachets—depending on the final format.

Batch codes, expiry dates, and other traceability info are printed or labeled during this stage. Final inspection ensures every package is sealed, clean, and ready for market.

Key Equipment Used in Capsule Production

Running a smooth capsule production line depends on having the right equipment at each stage. Every machine plays a role in keeping output consistent, reducing errors, and maximizing efficiency.

• Shell manufacturing machines handle the dipping, drying, and trimming of capsule shells. These need to be precise, especially for large batches, where even small variances can affect filling and sealing.
• High-speed capsule fillers are the backbone of any production line. They separate, fill, and close capsules in one motion—often processing tens of thousands of units per hour. The more automated the system, the easier it is to scale without compromising quality.
• Weighing and sorting systems come next, making sure every capsule meets exact specifications. These machines catch any that are underfilled, overweight, or defective before they move on to packaging.
• Blister packing and bottling lines finish the process. They seal the capsules into retail or bulk formats, adding labels, batch codes, and tamper protection along the way.

Using integrated systems—where each machine works together in sync—helps reduce downtime, cut labor costs, and improve traceability. That’s especially important for companies managing multiple SKUs or operating under tight delivery windows.

Capsule Types and Customization Options

Capsules come in different forms, and the right combination depends on your product, market, and manufacturing goals. Below are the main options to consider when choosing capsule types and how you can tailor them to fit your brand.

Material Types:

• Gelatin Capsules – Widely used, cost-effective, and ideal for most pharma and supplement products.
• HPMC Capsules – Plant-based, suitable for vegetarian or vegan products, and more stable in humid conditions.

Sizes:

• Range from Size 5 (smallest) to Size 000 (largest)
• Chosen based on dose size and patient ease-of-use
  

Color and Branding Options:

• Single or dual-color capsules for product identification
• Custom printing for logos, dosage info, or batch codes
• Matte or glossy finishes for different market preferences

Filling Types:

• Polvos – Most common and easiest to handle
• Granules or Pellets – For controlled-release or combination formulas
• Liquids or Semi-solids – Require band sealing and specialized filling setups

Customizing your capsules not only improves usability and shelf appeal—it also supports compliance, brand identity, and consumer trust.

Capsule Production: Final Thoughts

Capsule production is a precise process that relies on the right setup, skilled handling, and high-performance machinery. Whether you’re producing at small scale or handling millions of capsules a day, each step matters. 

En Canaán, we provide the equipment and expertise to help you produce capsules efficiently and at the highest standards.

Need to upgrade your capsule production line? Contáctenos to talk with our team—we’re ready to help you scale smarter.